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Anarchism (from Greek ἀν (without) + ἄρχειν (to rule) + ισμός (from stem -ιζειν), "without archons," "without rulers") is a political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which reject compulsory government (i.e. the state), and support its elimination, often due to a wider rejection of involuntary or permanent authority. Its proponents advocate self-ownership, equal liberty, and non-aggression, through various means such as voluntary association, mutual aid, polycentric law, direct democracy, consensus decision making, or self-management.
The Manifesto of the Sixteen (French: Manifeste des seize), or Proclamation of the Sixteen, was a document drafted in 1916 by anarchists Peter Kropotkin (pictured) and Jean Grave, which advocated an Allied victory over Germany and the Central Powers during World War I. It was the position of Kropotkin and the other signatories that the forces of German imperialism constituted a major threat to the working class of the world and must be defeated. The document is named after the original number of signatories, but incorrectly counts sixteen names, rather than the proper fifteen, due to a misreading of the text. It was first published in La Bataille Syndicaliste. The position of the manifesto was in stark contrast to that of most anarchists of the day, many of whom denounced the signatories and their sympathizers, and accused them of betraying anarchist principles. (read more...) Émile Pouget (1860–1931), as portrayed by Aristide Delannoy. Pouget was a French anarchist and trade unionist who was elected to the position of Vice-Secretary of the Confédération générale du travail. He narrowly escaped French persecution in the Trial of the thirty by escaping to exile in England.
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